Role of Magnetic Fields on Scaling at High pH Levels

Abstract

     Scale formation has always been a tedious problem to scientists and heating equipment manufacturers as well as production engineers. Scale is encountered most of the time in heat exchangers using hot water or steam as the heating fluid, and in steam production with boilers and various calcium concentrations.

    Series of experiments have been undertaken to investigate the formation of calcium carbonate scale on boiler elements. A test rig designed to meet the DGVW testing protocol was used. The effect of physical condition was also investigated. Scaling behavior was assessed and calculated when the flow rate and temperature were kept constant at 25 1/h and 80oC. The pH was kept at 7-8.5 and the hardness typically greater than 300 mg/1. The tests have shown that reduction in scaling tendency was maximal at 40% and
the effect of flow rate was also observed.